What are the Different types of Motors Used Behind the Power Trains of Electric Vehicles?

Since the beginning of time, motors and motor controller solutions for Electric Vehicles have served the automotive industry!

The constant advancements in motors and motor control systems have made it so that motors are now a crucial component of a wide range of automotive applications.

Motor controller for Electric Vehicles is meeting the demands of the automotive industry with efficiency as the driving force (including the Electric Vehicle space)

It's interesting to note that there are two particular motor variations that have endured and advanced significantly.

These are:

·       Brushless DC Motors or BLDC Motors

·       Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors or PMSM Motors

While brushed DC motors have been replaced by BLDC motors, PMSM motors have emerged as an improved substitute for AC induction motors.

Differences Between BLDC and PMSM Motors

Except for the nature of the Drive Current and the method of Rotor Position detection, there are no significant differences between the motor control systems of BLDC and PMSM Motors.

In order to determine the appropriate amount of energy, the Motor Phase Current (motor commutation) must be turned on at the proper moment. The HALL effect sensors carry out this function in sensor-based motors.

The rotor position in a BLDC motor is typically determined by a trio of HALL effect sensors. The commutation is accomplished in six steps. At the end of each step, this leads to brief interruptions in commutation, which in turn create torque ripples (a periodic rise or decrease in the motor's output torque).

In contrast, a PMSM motor only needs one HALL effect sensor because the commutation is continuous. As a result, the sensor continuously records and transmits information about the rotor position to the PMSM Motor Controller Solution.

What are the Benefits of Using these Motors when Coupled with Motor Controller for Electric Vehicles?

Both BLDC and PMSM motors have different positive aspects because of the difference in design and their working principles.

Benefits of BLDC Motors	Benefits of PMSM Motors
the capacity to operate more quickly and deliver steady torque	superior to Brushless DC Motors in efficiency
Durability	When a motor is commutated, there is no torque ripple.
efficiency between 85% and 90%	greater torque and improved efficiency
being able to react quickly to control mechanisms	Compared to other asynchronous motors, it is more reliable and quieter.
Motor Control is Simple (using BLDC motor controller solutions)	strong performance both at high and low operating speeds
Due to the lack of brushes, there are no sparks and reduced noise.	Control is simple because of the low rotor inertia.
Self-starting ability	Effective heat dissipation smaller motor size